It is often transmitted in winter and spring, and its infectious power is strong. The chickenpox is the only source of infection. It is contagious from 1 to 2 days before the onset to the dry and crusted period of rash. It can be infected by contact or inhalation. The rate can reach more than 95%. The disease is a self-limiting disease, generally does not leave scars, such as mixed bacterial infection will leave scars, life-long immunity can be obtained after the disease, sometimes the virus remains in the ganglion in a static state, and the infection recurs many years after the emergence of herpes zoster.

Cause:

The disease is caused by infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Varicella-Zoster virus belongs to the herpesvirus family and is a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid virus with only one serotype. Chickenpox is highly contagious, and the main route of transmission is respiratory droplets or direct contact with infection. Varicella-zoster virus can be infected in any age group, and infants and preschool, school-age children are more common, and infants under 6 months are less common. The spread of chickenpox in susceptible populations depends mainly on factors such as climate, population density and health conditions.

Symptoms:

The incubation period of the disease is 12 to 21 days, with an average of 14 days. The onset is more urgent. Older children and adults may have prodromal symptoms such as fever, headache, general fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain before the appearance of rash. In children, rash and systemic symptoms appear at the same time.

A rash occurs within 24 hours after the onset of the disease. The rash is first distributed on the scalp and the compressed part of the trunk, showing a centripetal distribution. At first, it was a pink small spotted rash, which quickly turned into a round-shaped nervous blister with large grains of rice and peas. The surrounding area was obviously red, and the center of the blister was umbilical. Mucosa is also often invaded, found in the mouth, pharynx, conjunctiva, vulva, anus and so on.

During the period of 1 to 6 days, the endothelium rash appeared in batches. The skin lesions showed an evolution from tiny red maculopapular rash → herpes → crusting → dislocation, leaving no scar after dislocation. Itching is obvious during the vesicle period, and slight dents may be left if the secondary infection is scratched. Infuriated people can develop high fever, and about 4% of adults can develop disseminated varicella and varicella pneumonia.

treatment:

The child should be isolated early, until all the rashes are scarred, generally no less than two weeks after the illness. Children who have been exposed to chickenpox should be observed for 3 weeks. There is no specific treatment for this disease, mainly symptomatic treatment and prevention of secondary skin infections, keeping clean and avoiding scratching. Strengthen nursing, change clothes frequently, cut nails frequently, and prevent secondary infection of vesicles. Actively isolate patients to prevent infection.

Local treatment to relieve itching and prevent infection, can be used outside calamine lotion, herpes rupture or secondary infection can be used 1% methyl violet or antibiotic ointment. Antibiotics are available when secondary systemic symptoms are severe. Avoid corticosteroids to prevent the spread and aggravation of chickenpox.

 

Home care:

1. Pay attention to disinfection and cleaning

Clothes, bedding, towels, dressings, toys, tableware, etc. that come into contact with the chickenpox herpes liquid are washed, dried, boiled, boiled, and sterilized according to the situation, and are not shared with healthy people. At the same time, you should change your clothes and keep your skin clean.

2. Timed window opening

Air circulation also has the effect of killing viruses in the air, but care should be taken to prevent the patient from getting cold when the room is ventilated. Let the room shine as much as possible and open the glass window.

3. Frying

If you have a fever, it is best to use a physical fever such as ice pillows, towels, and plenty of water. Let the sick children rest, eat a nutritious and digestible diet, drink plenty of water and juice.

4. Pay attention to changes in the condition

Pay attention to changes in the condition. If you find a rash, continue to have high fever, cough, or vomiting, headache, irritability or lethargy. If you are convulsions, you should go to the hospital for medical treatment.

5. Avoid breaking your herpes by hand

In particular, be careful not to scratch the face of the pox rash, so as to prevent the herpes from being scratched and causing a purulent infection. If the lesion is deeply damaged, it may leave scars. To prevent this from happening, cut your child's nails and keep your hands clean.

6, ultraviolet disinfection

       It can be sterilized by using ultraviolet germicidal lamp, and it is better if ozone germicidal lamp is used. Close the doors and windows, illuminate the lamp, and illuminate the room for about half an hour. The effective sterilization rate is 99.99%. Please note: During the operation of the lamp, personnel must leave, do not be directly exposed by the lamp or inhale a lot of ozone. After the lamp stops working, the window is ventilated.

 prevention:

    All disease prevention is the most effective treatment. Usually pay attention to family health, children wash hands frequently, do not eat unclean food, exercise more, avoid contact with sick people, often use ultraviolet germicidal lamps to sterilize air and surface of objects. Recently, patients who have been exposed to chickenpox need to be isolated and observed. They can take Pudilan for prevention. If they have symptoms such as fever or skin pox on their skin, they should seek medical treatment immediately and isolate them.